ABSTRACT
Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare neutrophilic disease of unknown origin that is associated with systemic diseases in 50% of cases. It is characterized by erythematous-violaceous nodular lesions that quickly progress to painful ulcers, with undermined edges, necrotic-hemorrhagic, varying in size and depth, located mainly in the lower limbs. Extracutaneous locations of pyoderma gangrenosum are rare, usually involving the lungs; the main differential diagnosis in these cases is Wegener granulomatosis. We report a case of pyoderma gangrenosum, which showed multiple cavitary lung nodules, with good response to high doses of steroids. Once excluded the possibility of Wegener granulomatosis, the authors concluded that it was the manifestation of systemic pyoderma gangrenosum with pulmonary involvement.
Pioderma gangrenoso é doença neutrofílica rara de etiologia desconhecida, que se associa a doenças sistêmicas em 50% dos casos. Caracteriza-se clinicamente por lesão nodular eritematoviolácea ou pústula que progride rapidamente para úlcera dolorosa, de bordas irregulares, fundo necrohemorrágico e localização preferencial nos membros inferiores. Manifestações sistêmicas do Pioderma gangrenoso são raras, envolvem geralmente os pulmões e o principal diagnóstico diferencial nestes casos é a granulomatose de Wegener. Relatamos um caso de paciente portador de pioderma gangrenoso que apresentava múltiplos nódulos pulmonares cavitados, com boa resposta a altas doses de corticoterapia. Uma vez excluída a possibilidade de granulomatose de Wegener, os autores concluíram tratar-se da manifestação sistêmica do pioderma gangrenoso.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Multiple Pulmonary Nodules/diagnosis , Pyoderma Gangrenosum/diagnosis , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Multiple Pulmonary Nodules/etiology , Pyoderma Gangrenosum/complicationsABSTRACT
The aim of this review is to present a pictorial essay emphasizing the various patterns of calcification in pulmonary nodules [PN] to aid diagnosis and the pathogenesis where it is known. The imaging evaluation of PN is based on clinical history, size, distribution and the gross appearance of the nodule as well as feasibility of obtaining a tissue diagnosis. Imaging is instrumental in the management of PN and one should strive not only to identify small malignant tumors with high survival rates but to spare patients with benign PN from undergoing unnecessary surgery. The review emphasizes how to achieve these goals. One of the most reliable imaging features of a benign lesion is a benign pattern of calcification and periodic follow-up with computed tomography showing no growth for 2 years. Calcification in PN is generally considered as a pointer toward a possible benign disease. However, as we show here, calcification in PN as a criterion to determine benign nature is fallacious and can be misleading. The differential considerations of a calcified lesion include calcified granuloma, harmartome, carcinoid, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and lung metastases or a primary bronchogenic carcinoma among others. We describe and illustrate different patterns of calcification as seen in PN on imaging